Mahua flowers (Madhuca sp.) utilization as a carbon-rich natural substrate for the cost-effective bench-scale production of fumaric acid

Abstract Fumaric acid is a multi-functional bio-based organic that extensively used as building block compound in chemical synthesis, food preservative and therapeutics. The substrates required for the production are sugars account 50–60% of total process economics. present work explores utilization Mahua flowers cheaper carbon source low cost medium cost-effective fumaric using Rhizopus oryzae . Various parameters desired fungal morphology were investigated, including flower extract concentration, fermentation temperature, pH agitation speed. highest concentration product, obtained shake flask was 23.5 ± 0.9 g/L at optimized conditions 100 medium, 6, 30 ℃ temperature shaking speed 200 rpm 72 h. pellet resulted higher than mycelial clumps. Bench-scale stirred tank reactor 24.1 1.0 an aeration rate 1 vvm, ℃. results comparable to with pure glucose. study evidently reveals feasibility carbon-rich, cost, abundantly available natural substrate production.